Highlighting Peru’s growing relevance in global supply chains and its deepening engagement with India, Mr. Enrique Descalzi, Cultural Counsellor at the Embassy of Peru in India, presented a compelling case for investment, trade and strategic partnership at the Indo–South America Trade & Investment Conclave held at PHD House on 15th December 2025.
Addressing diplomats, policymakers and business leaders, Mr. Descalzi underscored that Peru’s strengths lie not only in its natural resources, but also in its macroeconomic stability, open trade architecture and investor-friendly regulatory environment.
Civilisational Ties and Shared Heritage
Drawing an evocative parallel between the two nations, Mr. Descalzi pointed to the civilisational depth shared by India and Peru.
“Just as India is home to the ancient Indus Valley civilisation, Peru is the cradle of Caral—one of the world’s oldest known civilisations,” he noted. “Both our countries carry histories of over 5,000 years, reflecting resilience, creativity and continuity.”
This shared heritage, he emphasised, provides a strong cultural and historical foundation for expanding contemporary economic ties.
Diverse Geography, Stable Economy
Peru’s geography offers a unique economic advantage. Approximately 59 percent of the country consists of tropical rainforest, 30 percent is high Andean terrain, and 11 percent is coastal land, where much of the industrial and export activity is concentrated.
Mr. Descalzi highlighted Peru’s reputation as one of Latin America’s most stable economies. Over the past two decades, the country has recorded steady GDP growth averaging around 4 percent, with inflation consistently maintained near 2–3 percent, ensuring predictability for investors. Peru also maintains robust foreign exchange reserves—among the strongest in the region—providing economic resilience during global volatility.
“These fundamentals give investors confidence and ensure a stable, business-friendly environment,” he said.
A Global Mining Powerhouse
Mining remains a cornerstone of Peru’s economy. With a national territory of over 128 million hectares, around 15 percent is under mining concession, yet less than 2 percent is actively mined, reflecting a measured and strategic approach to resource extraction.
Peru ranks among the world’s leading mineral producers:
“Peru stands out as a top producer of multiple strategic minerals, reinforcing its role in global supply chains,” Mr. Descalzi said.
The country currently has a portfolio of over 50 mining projects, representing investment potential exceeding USD 50 billion, with production expected to expand further as global demand for energy transition materials grows.
Critical Minerals and Rare Earth Potential
Beyond traditional mining, Peru is emerging as a promising source of rare earth elements and critical minerals, essential for electric vehicles, renewable energy and advanced technologies. Exploration projects across regions such as Puno, the northern coast and the Amazon basin have identified deposits containing neodymium, cerium, dysprosium and yttrium, alongside copper, gold and silver.
“These findings highlight Peru’s potential as a key player in the global supply of critical minerals needed for the energy transition and emerging technologies,” he observed.
Agricultural Exports and Food Security
Peru is also a global agri-export leader, ranked:
“With our diverse climate, advanced irrigation systems and modern agricultural policies, Peru continues to strengthen its role as a global food supplier,” Mr. Descalzi said, inviting Indian companies to collaborate in agro-processing, packaging, logistics and agri-technology.
Investor-Friendly Legal Framework
Peru offers a clear, transparent and non-discriminatory legal regime for foreign investors. International investors enjoy the same rights as domestic entities, including guarantees of private property, free competition, unrestricted capital transfers and access to international dispute resolution mechanisms.
“This makes Peru a secure and attractive destination for long-term investment,” he affirmed.
Strategic Connectivity and Trade Architecture
Peru’s strategic Pacific location and extensive trade network further enhance its appeal. The upcoming Port of Chancay, a landmark infrastructure project, is set to significantly improve maritime connectivity with Asia.
Peru is also a member of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), providing preferential access to nearly 500 million consumers and about 14–15 percent of global GDP. In addition, the country maintains free trade agreements with the United States, China, the European Union and several Asian economies.
Importantly, negotiations on the India–Peru Trade Agreement are currently underway.
“The agreement aims to reduce tariffs and expand trade in sectors such as mining, agriculture, pharmaceuticals and technology,” Mr. Descalzi said, expressing optimism that talks would progress toward conclusion in the near term.
A Natural Partner for India
Concluding his address, Mr. Descalzi positioned Peru as a natural partner for Indian businesses seeking to expand in Latin America.
“With vast natural resources, a stable macroeconomic environment and deep integration into global trade networks, Peru offers parallel opportunities for investment, collaboration and mutual growth,” he said.
“I invite all of you to explore the potential of Peru, and I look forward to fostering strong and lasting business connections between our nations.”
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